{"id":6825,"date":"2021-11-19T09:00:36","date_gmt":"2021-11-19T08:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/?p=6825"},"modified":"2021-11-19T12:11:50","modified_gmt":"2021-11-19T11:11:50","slug":"black-carbon-bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/de\/blog\/black-carbon-bc\/","title":{"rendered":"Everything to know about Black Carbon (BC)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black carbon (BC), also known as soot, is a component of particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>) that affects human health and contributes to climate change. While we at Breeze Technologies don\u2019t measure for black carbon specifically, PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> is one of the pollutants we consider vital for monitoring. Read on to find out more about this specific fine particulate air pollution.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is black carbon?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccacoalition.org\/en\/slcps\/black-carbon\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black carbon<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, wood, and other fuels. Complete combustion turns all the carbon in fuel into carbon dioxide, but combustion is never complete. Hence, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2<\/sub>), organic carbon, black carbon particles, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are all formed in the process. In 2015, BC emissions totalled around 6.6 million tonnes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are sources of black carbon?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2015, the breakdown of black carbon sources were as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">58% from households (biomass cookstoves, biomass cooking stoves, coal stoves, kerosene lamps, etc.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">24% from transport<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6% from industrial production (brick and coke production)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5% from agriculture (open burning)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3% from fossil fuels (long-distance gas transmission, oil and gas production)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2% from large scale combustion (boilers and furnaces in power plants and industry)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1% from waste (open burning)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over the years, BC emissions have decreased in developed countries due to stricter air quality regulations. Asia, Africa, and Latin America are responsible for approximately 88% of global black carbon production due to open biomass burning and residential solid fuel combustion.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is the health impact of black carbon?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Particulate matter<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3367838\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">has<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/data-and-maps\/indicators\/exceedances-of-air-quality-objectives\/health-aspects-of-air-pollution\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">been<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pm-pollution\/health-and-environmental-effects-particulate-matter-pm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">linked<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccacoalition.org\/en\/slcps\/black-carbon\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced lung function, pneumonia, and respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Irregular heartbeats, heart attacks, and cardiovascular diseases<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strokes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PM<\/span><sub><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.5<\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which are fine particles, present a higher health risk due to their small size. This allows them to penetrate deep into the respiratory and circulatory systems, causing damage to the lungs, heart, and brain.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is the environmental impact of black carbon?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While black carbon is short-lived with a lifetime of 4-12 days, it has a warming impact that is 460-1,500 times higher than carbon dioxide on the climate. This is due to its ability to absorb incoming solar radiation and convert it into heat, thus effectively warming its surroundings. BC also reduces the surface albedos of snow and ice crystals and heats them, thus making them susceptible to melting. When embedded in clouds, soot dims the sunlight that reaches earth by absorbing it, causing changes in cloud and rainfall patterns which affect both ecosystems and human livelihoods. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How can black carbon emissions be lessened?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black carbon\u2019s short atmospheric lifetime and strong warning potential means that targeted actions can create climate, health, and environmental benefits within a short period of time. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccacoalition.org\/en\/content\/coalition\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Climate and Clean Air Coalition<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has proposed a set of control measures that, if globally implemented by 2030, could <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccacoalition.org\/en\/resources\/integrated-assessment-black-carbon-and-tropospheric-ozone\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reduce black carbon emissions by as much as 80%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For household energy:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Replace traditional cooking and heating to clean-burning modern stoves<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eliminate kerosene lamps<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Replace lump coal with coal briquettes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Replace wood stoves and burners with pellet stoves and boilers<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For industrial production:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Modernize brick kilns to vertical shaft brick kilns<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Modernize coke ovens to recovery ovens<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For transport:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use diesel particulate filters for vehicles<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eliminate high-emitting diesel vehicles<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transition to electric vehicles<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For fossil fuels:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Capture and improve oil flaring and gas production<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For agriculture and waste management:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ban open burning of agricultural and municipal waste<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tracking the changes in PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> levels will help gauge the success of these actions. And at Breeze Technologies, we have the perfect solution. Our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/air-quality-sensors\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">compact, lower-cost sensors<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are easy to deploy on urban, industrial, and rural infrastructure, with the data gathered in real-time to form an effective air quality network run on our Breeze Environmental Cloud. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/contact\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contact us<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> today to make clean air a reality for all!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Black carbon (BC), also known as soot, is a component of particulate matter (PM2.5) that affects human health and contributes to climate change. While we at Breeze Technologies don\u2019t measure for black carbon specifically, PM2.5 is one of the pollutants we consider vital for monitoring. Read on to find out more about this specific fine [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6827,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75,60,16],"tags":[107,146,184,240,108,241],"class_list":["post-6825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-academy","category-air-quality-science","category-blog-posts","tag-air-pollutants","tag-air-pollution-2","tag-air-quality-science","tag-black-carbon","tag-particulate-matter","tag-soot"],"yoast_head":"<title>Everything to know about Black Carbon (BC) - Breeze Technologies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/de\/blog\/black-carbon-bc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Everything to know about Black Carbon (BC) - Breeze Technologies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Black carbon (BC), also known as soot, is a component of particulate matter (PM2.5) that affects human health and contributes to climate change. 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