{"id":6665,"date":"2021-08-20T09:00:30","date_gmt":"2021-08-20T07:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/?p=6665"},"modified":"2022-08-03T22:19:39","modified_gmt":"2022-08-03T20:19:39","slug":"air-pollution-how-to-convert-between-mgm3-%c2%b5gm3-ppm-ppb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/de\/blog\/air-pollution-how-to-convert-between-mgm3-%c2%b5gm3-ppm-ppb\/","title":{"rendered":"Air pollution – How to convert between mg\/m3, \u00b5g\/m3 and ppm, ppb"},"content":{"rendered":"

When it comes to determining the concentration of air pollutants in the atmosphere, the units of measurement one would typically see are either mg\/m<\/span><\/i>3<\/span><\/i><\/sup>, \u00b5g\/m<\/span><\/i>3<\/span><\/i><\/sup>, ppm, or ppb. These are used in <\/span><\/i>air quality thresholds<\/span><\/i><\/a> and <\/span><\/i>air quality indexes<\/span><\/i><\/a> to help provide a baseline for what <\/span><\/i>constitutes as clean air<\/span><\/i><\/a> and for people to understand the acceptable level of pollutants in the air they breathe. But what do these measurement units stand for, exactly? And how can one be converted to the others? Let\u2019s find out.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

What does mg\/m<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>, \u00b5g\/m<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>, ppm, and ppb stand for?<\/span><\/h2>\n

How to convert between \u00b5g\/m<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup> – ppb and mg\/m<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup> – ppm<\/span><\/h2>\n

The formula for conversion between \u00b5g\/m<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup> (micrograms per cubic metre) and ppb (parts per billion) are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n

Converting from ppb to \u00b5g\/m<\/span>3 <\/span><\/sup>is:<\/span><\/p>\n

Concentration (\u00b5g\/m<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>) = molecular weight x concentration (ppb) \u00f7 24.45<\/span><\/p>\n

Converting from \u00b5g\/m<\/span>3 <\/span><\/sup>to ppb is:<\/span><\/p>\n

Concentration (ppb) = 24.45 x concentration (\u00b5g\/m<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>) \u00f7 molecular weight\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The number <\/span>24.45 in the equation<\/span><\/a> is the volume (litres) of a mole (gram molecular weight) of a gas when the temperature is at <\/span>25\u00b0C and the pressure is at 1 atmosphere (1 atm = 1.01325 bar).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The same equations above can be used for conversion between mg\/m<\/span>3<\/sup>\u00a0 <\/span>(milligrams per cubic metre) and ppm (parts per million) as well.<\/span><\/p>\n

What are the conversion factors for the common major air pollutants?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Below is a table with the conversion factors and the molecular weights of the <\/span>major air pollutants<\/span><\/a> found to be the <\/span>most damaging to human health<\/span><\/a> and to <\/span>the environment<\/span><\/a> based on the formulas above at <\/span>25\u00b0C<\/span> and 1 atm (standard atmospheric pressure):<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Air Pollutant<\/strong><\/td>\nConversion Factor<\/strong><\/td>\nMolecular Weight<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ammonia (NH3<\/sub>)<\/span><\/td>\n1 ppb = 0.7 \u00b5g\/m3\u00a0<\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n17.03 g\/mol<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Carbon monoxide (CO)<\/span><\/td>\n1 ppb = 1.15 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup> <\/span><\/td>\n28.01 g\/mol<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nitric oxide (NO)<\/span><\/td>\n1 ppb = 1.23 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n30.01 <\/span>g\/mol<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2<\/sub>)<\/span><\/td>\n1 ppb = 1.88 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n46.01 g\/mol<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ozone (O3<\/sub>)<\/span><\/td>\n1 ppb = 1.96 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n48 g\/mol<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sulphur dioxide (SO2<\/sub>)<\/span><\/td>\n1 ppb = 2.62 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n64.07 g\/mol<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

An exception to the conversion process is the air pollutant particulate matter (PM10<\/sub> and PM2.5<\/sub>), as it <\/span>consists of various tiny solid and liquid particles<\/span><\/a>. It is virtually impossible to determine the molecular weights of its complex physical and chemical composition, which is why PM is read in \u00b5g\/m<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup> or pcs\/l (pieces per litre).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

ppm – ppb – \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup> calculator<\/span><\/h2>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

When it comes to determining the concentration of air pollutants in the atmosphere, the units of measurement one would typically see are either mg\/m3, \u00b5g\/m3, ppm, or ppb. These are used in air quality thresholds and air quality indexes to help provide a baseline for what constitutes as clean air and for people to understand […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6667,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75,60,16],"tags":[146,40,81,184,211],"class_list":["post-6665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-academy","category-air-quality-science","category-blog-posts","tag-air-pollution-2","tag-air-quality","tag-air-quality-data","tag-air-quality-science","tag-pollution-data"],"yoast_head":"Air pollution - How to convert between mg\/m3, \u00b5g\/m3 and ppm, ppb - Breeze Technologies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/de\/blog\/air-pollution-how-to-convert-between-mgm3-%c2%b5gm3-ppm-ppb\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Air pollution - How to convert between mg\/m3, \u00b5g\/m3 and ppm, ppb - Breeze Technologies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When it comes to determining the concentration of air pollutants in the atmosphere, the units of measurement one would typically see are either mg\/m3, \u00b5g\/m3, ppm, or ppb. These are used in air quality thresholds and air quality indexes to help provide a baseline for what constitutes as clean air and for people to understand […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/de\/blog\/air-pollution-how-to-convert-between-mgm3-%c2%b5gm3-ppm-ppb\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Breeze Technologies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/breezetechnologies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-08-20T07:00:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-08-03T20:19:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/volkan-olmez-aG-pvyMsbis-unsplash.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Robert Heinecke\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@heinecke\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@projectbreeze\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Verfasst von\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Robert Heinecke\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Gesch\u00e4tzte Lesezeit\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3\u00a0Minuten\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.breeze-technologies.de\\\/de\\\/blog\\\/air-pollution-how-to-convert-between-mgm3-%c2%b5gm3-ppm-ppb\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.breeze-technologies.de\\\/de\\\/blog\\\/air-pollution-how-to-convert-between-mgm3-%c2%b5gm3-ppm-ppb\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Robert Heinecke\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.breeze-technologies.de\\\/de\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1e0a8a8e671c47a1d56f9926749a7432\"},\"headline\":\"Air pollution – How to convert between mg\\\/m3, \u00b5g\\\/m3 and ppm, ppb\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-20T07:00:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-08-03T20:19:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.breeze-technologies.de\\\/de\\\/blog\\\/air-pollution-how-to-convert-between-mgm3-%c2%b5gm3-ppm-ppb\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":522,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.breeze-technologies.de\\\/de\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.breeze-technologies.de\\\/de\\\/blog\\\/air-pollution-how-to-convert-between-mgm3-%c2%b5gm3-ppm-ppb\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.breeze-technologies.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/volkan-olmez-aG-pvyMsbis-unsplash.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Air Pollution\",\"air quality\",\"air quality data\",\"air quality science\",\"pollution data\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Academy\",\"Air Quality Science\",\"Blog Posts\"],\"inLanguage\":\"de\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.breeze-technologies.de\\\/de\\\/blog\\\/air-pollution-how-to-convert-between-mgm3-%c2%b5gm3-ppm-ppb\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.breeze-technologies.de\\\/de\\\/blog\\\/air-pollution-how-to-convert-between-mgm3-%c2%b5gm3-ppm-ppb\\\/\",\"name\":\"Air pollution - 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Chemical concentrations in the air are typically measured in the mass units of the substance (milligrams, micrograms, nanograms, picograms) per volume of air (cubic metre or cubic feet). Thus, mg\/m<\/span>3 <\/span><\/sup>represents milligrams (one-thousandth of a gram) per cubic metre of air, while \u00b5g\/m<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup> stands for<\/span><\/a> micrograms (one-millionth of a gram) per cubic metre of air. However, these concentrations can also be expressed as parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb) by volume through a conversion factor. This is based on the molecular weight of the chemical, which is different between pollutants, and the atmospheric temperature and pressure. A temperature of 25 degrees Celsius and pressure of 1 atmosphere are what is normally assumed for the conversion factor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n