{"id":5358,"date":"2020-12-20T10:00:55","date_gmt":"2020-12-20T09:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/?p=5358"},"modified":"2021-09-13T19:04:34","modified_gmt":"2021-09-13T17:04:34","slug":"different-esa-copernicus-sentinel-missions-and-what-they-measure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/de\/blog\/different-esa-copernicus-sentinel-missions-and-what-they-measure\/","title":{"rendered":"The different ESA Copernicus Sentinel missions and what they measure"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Copernicus is the European Union\u2019s Earth observation (EO) programme. Managed by the European Commission (EC), it was previously known as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/About_Us\/Ministerial_Council_2012\/Global_Monitoring_for_Environment_and_Security_GMES\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Copernicus is currently served by a fleet of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.copernicus.eu\/en\/about-copernicus\/infrastructure\/discover-our-satellites\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dedicated satellites from the Sentinel family<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> developed by the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">European Space Agency (ESA)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The purpose of the programme is to provide information and services for the benefit of European citizens from satellites and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.copernicus.eu\/en\/about-copernicus\/infrastructure\/situ-component\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in-situ collection points<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by monitoring the planet and the environment: the atmosphere to the land to the ocean. Let\u2019s take a closer look at just what exactly the Sentinel family of satellites do.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>Sentinel-1<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In charge of land and ocean monitoring, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.esa.int\/Applications\/Observing_the_Earth\/Copernicus\/Sentinel-1\/Introducing_Sentinel-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sentinel-1<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is composed of two polar-orbiting, all-weather, day-and-night satellites: Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B. As a constellation of satellites sharing the same orbital plane 180<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b0 apart, the Sentinel 1 carries a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sentinel.esa.int\/web\/sentinel\/technical-guides\/sentinel-1-sar\/sar-instrument\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This advanced radar instrument that allows them to image the entire earth every 6 days. Data is transmitted to ground stations around the world as well as to the geostationary <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Applications\/Telecommunications_Integrated_Applications\/European_Data_Relay_System_confirms_services_for_Copernicus_in_cooperation_with_the_European_Commission\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">European Data Relay System (EDRS)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for full-time, continual data delivery. The Sentinel-1 is used for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/earth.esa.int\/web\/guest\/missions\/esa-operational-eo-missions\/sentinel-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a variety of purposes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring for forest, water, soil, and agriculture management<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergency mapping of natural disasters for humanitarian aid and crisis situations<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surveilling the marine environment<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Forecasting sea ice conditions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring icebergs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mapping oil spills<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Detecting sea vessels for maritime security<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring climate change<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Sentinel-2<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.esa.int\/Applications\/Observing_the_Earth\/Copernicus\/Sentinel-2\/Introducing_Sentinel-2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sentinel-2<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a land-monitoring constellation of two identical polar-orbiting satellites<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sentinel-2A and Sentinel 2B<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">phased at 180<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b0 to each other<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It is equipped with a state-of-the-art high-resolution <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sentinel.esa.int\/web\/sentinel\/technical-guides\/sentinel-2-msi\/msi-instrument#:~:text=The%20design%20of%20the%20Multispectral,to%20SWIR%20(Table%201).\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">multispectral imager (MSI) instrument<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which provides a 290 km swath width and covers all of Earth\u2019s land surfaces, large islands, and inland and coastal waters every five days. The Sentinel-2 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/earth.esa.int\/web\/guest\/missions\/esa-operational-eo-missions\/sentinel-2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mission objectives<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Observing land, vegetation, soil and water cover, inland waterways, coastal areas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mapping changes in land cover<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Managing food security<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring forests<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determining various plant indexes (leaf area chlorophyll, water content)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Providing information on water pollution<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assisting in disaster relief (flood, volcanic eruption, and landslide imaging)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring climate change<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_5364\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5364\" class=\"wp-image-5364 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Sentinel-2-infographic-tm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"424\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Sentinel-2-infographic-tm.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Sentinel-2-infographic-tm-260x185.jpg 260w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 600\/424;\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-5364\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Information about the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission. Source: Copernicus \/ ESA<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Sentinel-3<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.esa.int\/Applications\/Observing_the_Earth\/Copernicus\/Sentinel-3\/Introducing_Sentinel-3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sentinel-3<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a constellation of two identical satellites: Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B. Its main objective is to systematically measure the Earth\u2019s oceans, land, ice, and atmosphere and to provide critical data for ocean, environmental, and climate forecasting. To achieve this, it is equipped with multiple instruments: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sentinel.esa.int\/web\/sentinel\/technical-guides\/sentinel-3-slstr\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sentinel.esa.int\/web\/sentinel\/technical-guides\/sentinel-3-olci\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sentinel.esa.int\/web\/sentinel\/technical-guides\/sentinel-3-altimetry\/instrument\/sral\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter (SRAL)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sentinel.esa.int\/web\/sentinel\/technical-guides\/sentinel-3-altimetry\/instrument\/doris\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sentinel.esa.int\/web\/sentinel\/technical-guides\/sentinel-3-altimetry\/instrument\/mwr\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Microwave Radiometer (MWR)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, the Sentinel-3 complements the mission of Sentinel 2 with <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/earth.esa.int\/web\/guest\/missions\/esa-eo-missions\/sentinel-3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">objectives<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determining sea surface topography and height, as well as significant wave height<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Measuring ocean and land surface temperature<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determining ocean and land surface colour<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mapping sea and land ice topography<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring sea and inland water quality, pollution, and biological productivity<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Modelling climate change<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identifying changes in land use<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mapping forest cover<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Detecting wildfires<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Providing indices of vegetation state<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Forecasting weather and climate<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Measuring Earth\u2019s thermal radiation for atmospheric applications<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Sentinel-4<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sentinel-4 is a future geostationary mission aimed to monitor key air quality trace gas concentrations and aerosols over Europe to support services pertaining to air quality applications and climate protocol monitoring. Consisting of a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eumetsat.int\/meteosat-third-generation\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meteosat Third Generation Sounder (MTG-S) satellite<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> equipped with an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UVN) light imaging spectrometer, the mission is set to launch in 2021. As the name suggests, this high-rez instrument covers the ultraviolet (305-400 nm), visible (400-500 nm), and near-infrared (750-775 nm) bands in the solar reflectance spectrum, which will allow it to provide hourly data on air pollutants such as formaldehyde (HCHO), glyoxal (CHOCHO), nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2<\/sub>), ozone (O<sub>3<\/sub>), and sulphur dioxide (SO<sub>2<\/sub>). It has a spatial sampling of 8 km over Europe and a fast repeat cycle of 60 minutes over Europe and North Africa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Sentinel-4, the Sentinel-5P, and the Sentinel 5 were conceived to complement <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atmosphere.copernicus.eu\/about-us\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which provides aggregated information on worldwide air pollution, health, solar energy, greenhouse gases, and climate forcing. Hence, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/earth.esa.int\/web\/guest\/missions\/esa-future-missions\/sentinel-4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mission objectives<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the Sentinel-4 include:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Measuring air quality<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring stratospheric ozone<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Measuring solar radiation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring climate change<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Sentinel-5P<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sentinels.copernicus.eu\/web\/sentinel\/missions\/sentinel-5p\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sentinel-5 Precursor<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (otherwise known as the Sentinel-5P) is the forerunner to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sentinel.esa.int\/web\/sentinel\/missions\/sentinel-5\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sentinel-5<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> satellite. The main objective of the Sentinel-5P is to measure the trace gases and aerosols in the troposphere that affect air quality and the climate. The Sentinel-5P and the Sentinel-5 are meant to complement the Sentinel-4 as low-orbiting satellites that measure a wider range of pollutants not just in Europe, but around the world. For this purpose, the Sentinel-5P is equipped with <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tropomi.eu\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which is capable of measuring ultraviolet and visible (270-500 nm), near-infrared (675-775 nm), and shortwave infrared (2305-2385 nm) wavelengths. Key air quality parameters that are being monitored by TROPOMI thus include carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde (CH<sub>2<\/sub>O\/H<sub>2<\/sub>CO), methane (CH<sub>4<\/sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2<\/sub>), ozone (O<sub>3<\/sub>), and sulphur dioxide (SO<sub>2<\/sub>) as well as climate and ozone\/surface UV applications. With a swath width of 2600 km and a resolution of 7 km x 3.5 km, TOPOMI is able to both map the entire planet daily as well as measure the air quality levels of individual cities. Hence, Sentinel 5-P\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/earth.esa.int\/web\/guest\/missions\/esa-eo-missions\/sentinel-5p\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mission objectives<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring air quality<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Measuring ozone and surface UV<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring the climate<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can read more about the Sentinel-5P and how it is being used to improve air quality <a href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/blog\/copernicus-and-air-quality-sentinel-5p-instrument\/\">here<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Sentinel-5<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sentinel.esa.int\/web\/sentinel\/missions\/sentinel-5\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sentinel-5<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> mission, set to be launched in 2021, essentially has the same objectives as its precursor, the Sentinel-5P. Its role is to take atmospheric measurements and provide high spatio-temporal resolution of air quality, climate forcing, and ozone and UV radiation while providing daily global coverage to support European policies that benefit EU citizens. The crucial difference is that instead of TROPOMI, a UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR spectrometer is equipped. This system operates in the ultraviolet to the shortwave infrared range consisting of 7 spectral bands: UV-1 (270-300 nm), UV-2 (300-370 nm), VIS (370-500 nm), NIR-1 (685-710 nm), NIR-2 (745-773 nm), SWIR-1 (1590-1675 nm), and SWIR-3 (2305-2385 nm). Thus, Sentinel 5-P\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/earth.esa.int\/web\/guest\/missions\/esa-future-missions\/sentinel-5\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">main objectives<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Measuring air quality<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring stratospheric ozone<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determining solar radiation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring the climate<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Sentinel-6<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sentinels.copernicus.eu\/web\/sentinel\/missions\/sentinel-6\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sentinel-6<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> involves two satellites: Sentinel-6A was launched in November 2020, while Sentinel-6B is set to launch in 2025. Its primary mission is to provide high-precision information on the topography of the ocean worldwide, while its secondary mission is radio occultation for climate change monitoring and weather forecasting. For these purposes, the Sentinel-6 is equipped with a Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter (POSEIDON-4) and a GNSS-RO respectively. The Sentinel-6 has the ability to map up to 95% of the Earth\u2019s ocean every 10 days, with the gathered information complementing the oceanic data from Sentinel-3. Based on its missions, Sentinel-6\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/earth.esa.int\/web\/guest\/missions\/esa-future-missions\/sentinel-6\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">objectives<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring changes in sea level<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Forecasting for operational oceanography<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Providing information on ocean currents, wind speed, and wave height for maritime safety<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protecting and managing coastal zones<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Copernicus is the European Union\u2019s Earth observation (EO) programme. Managed by the European Commission (EC), it was previously known as Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES). Copernicus is currently served by a fleet of dedicated satellites from the Sentinel family developed by the European Space Agency (ESA). The purpose of the programme is to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5367,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[60,16],"tags":[40,122,148,161,147],"class_list":["post-5358","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-air-quality-science","category-blog-posts","tag-air-quality","tag-air-quality-monitoring","tag-earth-observation","tag-esa","tag-satellites"],"yoast_head":"<title>The different ESA Copernicus Sentinel missions and what they measure - Breeze Technologies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/de\/blog\/different-esa-copernicus-sentinel-missions-and-what-they-measure\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The different ESA Copernicus Sentinel missions and what they measure - Breeze Technologies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Copernicus is the European Union\u2019s Earth observation (EO) programme. Managed by the European Commission (EC), it was previously known as Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES). Copernicus is currently served by a fleet of dedicated satellites from the Sentinel family developed by the European Space Agency (ESA). 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