{"id":5111,"date":"2021-02-19T10:00:47","date_gmt":"2021-02-19T09:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/?p=5111"},"modified":"2021-09-13T19:03:03","modified_gmt":"2021-09-13T17:03:03","slug":"updated-link-between-covid-19-mortality-and-air-pollution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/de\/blog\/updated-link-between-covid-19-mortality-and-air-pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"UPDATED: The link between COVID-19 mortality and air pollution"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Back in May, Breeze Technologies <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published an article<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/blog\/link-between-covid-19-mortality-and-air-pollution\/\"> outlining the preliminary findings linking higher COVID-19 mortality and air pollution<\/a>. In this article we highlighted the limitations of the then-current research, as correlation does not necessarily equate to causation. It\u2019s been more than half a year since. Read on to find out if things have changed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>Confirmed results of research<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To reiterate from our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/blog\/link-between-covid-19-mortality-and-air-pollution\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">last article<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it is theorized that chronic respiratory stress resulting from long-term exposure to poor air quality <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2020\/04\/link-between-air-pollution-covid-19-deaths-coronavirus-pandemic\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">affects<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the body\u2019s ability to fend off respiratory infections. This is due to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/blog\/major-air-pollutants-their-impact-and-sources\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pollutants<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO<\/span><sub><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/04\/07\/climate\/air-pollution-coronavirus-covid.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inflaming and damaging<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> lung lining over time.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Previous research<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> found that SARS patients from moderately polluted areas in China had <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14629774\">an 84% increased risk of dying<\/a> compared to those from regions with low air pollution, while patients from highly polluted areas were twice as likely to die. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This has led to studies investigating whether there is a link between COVID-19 cases and air pollution with the spread of the virus across the globe. The following discoveries we covered in May have since been published in scientific journals:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Long-term exposure to NO<\/span><sub><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> contributes to COVID-19 fatality in a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0048969720321215\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> based on cases from Italy, Spain, France, and Germany (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.elsevier.com\/science-of-the-total-environment\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Science of The Total Environment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S004896972032221X?via%3Dihub\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">positive associations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between short-term exposure to carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter but a negative association with sulphur dioxide with COVID-19 cases in China (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.elsevier.com\/science-of-the-total-environment\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Science of The Total Environment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An increase of 1 \u03bcg\/m<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in PM<\/span><sub><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.5<\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pollution <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/projects.iq.harvard.edu\/covid-pm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is associated with<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> an adjusted <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/advances.sciencemag.org\/content\/6\/45\/eabd4049\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">11% rather than the original 15%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> increase in COVID-19 mortality rate in the United States (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/advances.sciencemag.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Science Advances<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COVID-19 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.04.15.20065995v2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">has been detected<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on particulate matter in Italy, making air pollution a possible carrier for the virus (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.elsevier.com\/environmental-research\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental Research<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The following discovery remains yet to be peer-reviewed:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An increase of 10 \u03bcg\/m<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3 <\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in NO<\/span><sub><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and PM<\/span><sub><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.5 <\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.04.21.20073700v1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">has been associated with<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a 22% and 15% increase in COVID-19 cases and a 19% and 9.6% increase in severe infection in China<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Results of new research<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In light of these new developments, new studies are being conducted in hopes of identifying a clear, causal relationship between COVID-19 and air pollution. Current research show the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Particulate matter pollution <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa288\/5940460\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contributed to<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 15% of worldwide COVID-19 mortality: 27% in East Asia, 19% in Europe, and 17% in North America (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cardiovascular Research<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<li>A 1 mg\/m<sup>3<\/sup> increase in the long-term average of nitrogen oxides and dioxide levels <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749120365489\">are associated with<\/a> a 1.5% and 2.5% increase in COVID-19 mortality, and an increase of 1 m<sup>3<\/sup> in the long-term average of PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> pollution is associated with a 12% increase in COVID-19 cases in England (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.elsevier.com\/environmental-pollution\">Environmental Pollution<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A decrease of 1 \u03bcg\/m<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in PM<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.5<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pollution <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/news.gsu.edu\/2020\/10\/01\/current-air-pollution-tied-to-more-severe-covid-19-outcomes-study-finds\/?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=26f620adead0dd87459b3ce41365ee3cb4978fe3-1606659646-0-AQqOFeGZ48ZZWbZULSvm1ZhmqqoN7offXVdsJqE3RZ67iwqpguptLLiD_3LHFoD8OkkEemVIv-lx5KrClUPvm9umj8hx69P2x2vjAB0bbDvp3B6-eAbEwXG8ARmOz71VEd64SO232SIKDgc1Nc4soWSOrTj20h5hdWbNR31e-Di31dWJhUTH1AlUOwt10PSMJsJH_sY2eykedDmbW9YuKz2HdK7lbd9gf4sWY8JiOI9jHOeZyDbf36Fi1AxT657N-zS6advV2h7nxUUsUb3cFlb6THUP1ga_3YCr3bp7LL5YZlS2s_Bp92eMYCUpvQ4EK-tGi5YwcAvlOEt6BY_hEfqYsFjeWC7mWE7yAw1Jeolpne0hQ0ysnq5UDvgEnQ5k4pxwH1BuS0KLUavH1W0DUfFw9vdkAuf-jSShOBD5v0t2rFD9FieC2dW7IXMCOnpJuykUinOREF0ryVw81JYGR-tGLl_Q9AfYVJA0S7-aIslT0OAzsbetgmST2kKKm5Gl_4vlRXBkV_30t4zQ5pPTL04Du818OwgfKIVlvSolsKkGQrBulqxs_m_6MYlVNKXfbDkQCR2lf1irCYsSzinGjSkexJXpSOGkaWvHlpaz6EC8pj_bbTt0pjkz0US12I_LzQ\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is associated with<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a 2% decrease in new COVID-19 cases and a 3-5% decrease in COVID-19 mortality in the United States (working paper)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>It&#8217;s time to take action<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The evidence is strong enough to warrant immediate action. Even the World Health Organization (WHO) <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/media-resources\/science-in-5\/episode-9---air-pollution-covid-19\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">released a video<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the impact of air pollution on COVID-19 cases, stressing the importance of interventions for cleaner air. Whether it be <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/blog\/10-things-you-can-do-to-improve-air-quality-in-your-city\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">individual actions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/solutions\/urban-air-quality\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">government initiatives<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, we can all do our part.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe class=\"youtube-player lazyload\" width=\"1500\" height=\"844\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Lbk1i67KQLY?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=de-DE&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here is what you can do today to pick up the fight against COVID-19:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Monitor and manage air quality at your workplace:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/coronavirus\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COVID-19 is a respiratory illness<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, spread primarily through saliva droplets and nasal discharge from sneezing or coughing. To minimize spread risk, we at Breeze Technologies adapted our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/solutions\/indoor-air-quality\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">indoor air quality management solutions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to help <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/solutions\/indoor-air-quality\/coronavirus-prevention\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reduce COVID-19 risk<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at the workplace. These include sensors that provide information on real-time air quality values, as well as notifications on when to ventilate based on governmental recommendations and updated worker protection regulations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Leverage urban air quality data to protect your citizens: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At Breeze Technologies, we develop and deploy <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/solutions\/urban-air-quality\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">urban sensor networks<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. By identifying the main sources of outdoor air pollution, cities can implement policies known to improve air quality, which in turn will help with COVID-19 cases and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/blog\/health-impact-of-specific-air-pollutants\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">citizen health<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/contact\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contact us<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> today for more information, and let us strive for a better, healthier tomorrow.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Back in May, Breeze Technologies published an article outlining the preliminary findings linking higher COVID-19 mortality and air pollution. In this article we highlighted the limitations of the then-current research, as correlation does not necessarily equate to causation. It\u2019s been more than half a year since. Read on to find out if things have changed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5114,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[60,16],"tags":[107,40,103,120,78,106,170,65],"class_list":["post-5111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-air-quality-science","category-blog-posts","tag-air-pollutants","tag-air-quality","tag-coronavirus","tag-environmental-intelligence","tag-health","tag-health-impact","tag-societal-impact","tag-urban-air-quality"],"yoast_head":"<title>UPDATED: The link between COVID-19 mortality and air pollution - Breeze Technologies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.breeze-technologies.de\/de\/blog\/updated-link-between-covid-19-mortality-and-air-pollution\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UPDATED: The link between COVID-19 mortality and air pollution - Breeze Technologies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Back in May, Breeze Technologies published an article outlining the preliminary findings linking higher COVID-19 mortality and air pollution. 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